Tuesday, January 25, 2022

EXCEL: Computing Production Order Quantity (PROQ)

 




In the ECONOMIC Order Quantity the whole inventory order was placed at one time, instantaneously raising the stock levels. This situation is typical of wholesalers who operate with large inventories, large quantities, and large turnovers. However in a manufacturing environment, the situation is somewhat different. If a firm’s rate of production is greater than its customer demand, the firm can meet its customers’ inventory requirements on an ongoing basis, while also building up an inventory from surplus stock. When this surplus inventory becomes large enough to meet customer demands for a reasonable period of time, production of the item can stop until all excess stock has been used up. On the other hand, if the production rate falls below customer demand, there will be no surplus goods, and some customer orders may not be fully met.

The production order quantity (PROQ) model differs only from the EOQ model in that replenishment is not instantaneous, otherwise the same conditions hold, i.e.,

  A single item is considered.

  All costs are known exactly and do not vary.

  No shortages (stockouts) are allowed.

Let us have one example: 

The CADELINA Company manufactures AUTOPARTS with an annual demand of 2100 units. The AUTOPART  is manufactured at a rate of 2500 units per year. Unit cost for an autopart is P30, setup cost is P450, and the annual holding cost is 20% of its value. Using the formula template provided at the bottom , create the Production order quantity (PROQ) model, and hence find the optimal batch size, cycle time, and total cost for an Autopart (see cells E12:E18).















Sunday, January 16, 2022

EXCEL GRAPHING AND CHARTING: BAR CHART DATA SOURCE BOX

 Data Source boxes are used to manipulate the data, chart, format the axis, and for many other important tasks. To find the dialog box Select Data Source to switch axes, select the chart and follow this process:

1. Right-click > Select Data.



The dialog box “Select Data Source” pops up.

2. On the left, the three data series of three departments are shown. On the right, the horizontal axis labels are shown.


3. If Switch Row/Column is clicked, there will be five data series (2016, 2017,2018, 2019, and 2020) and three horizontal axis labels (three departments ).


Result:


You may change the style of your Bar Chart by clicking “Style”







Saturday, January 15, 2022

EXCEL: FORECASTING SALES, COST AND PROFIT

EXCEL: FORECASTING SALES, COST, AND PROFIT

Amiel M. CadeliƱa 


At Mapua University we have Engineering Economics and in Sacred Heart College they have Business Analytics and both tackle company’s supply chain. Both schools give exercises where Excel records are the source data. In this example, we tackle a record in Excel of a company’s sales results. In this pandemic time, many small and medium enterprises are facing difficulty and some of them closed their operation. The objective of this post is to help these small and medium enterprises do forecasting of their Sales, Cost, and Profit using Excel. Learning it may help them fix what’s gone wrong.

In the Figure below, fictitious data on Consumer and Non-Consumer Electronics is given. The figure shows the actual revenue and the actual direct costs of supporting each product line during each month from January 2019 through July 2021, in row 3 through row 33. The worksheet gets the profit figures simply by subtracting the costs from the revenues.


I’m using exponential smoothing for costs, and regression for revenues, simply to illustrate the methods.

 

Steps in doing the forecast:

Compute exponential smoothing.


1.      In cell P4 type =C3

2.   In cell P5 type =$P$1*C4+$P$2*P4

3.   Drag the P5 cell downward up cell P33

4.     In cell P35 type = $P$1*C33+$P$2*P33

5.      Forecast Revenue of Consumer electronics, in cell A35 type Forecast for August 2021.

6.    Then in cell B35, type =TREND(B3:B33,C3:C33,C35)

7.     Then in cell C35, type your result in number 4 by typing =P35

8.      Then in cell D35, type =B35-C35

Result

 


You now made a Revenue, Cost, and Profit Forecast. Congratulations!

Thursday, January 13, 2022

EXCEL GRAPHING AND CHARTING: BAR CHARTS

Bar charts can compare values of different categories by the use of adjacent vertical bars. Like line charts, bar charts in Excel can also be represented in 2D or 3D Line, each having three categories: stacked column, clustered column, and 100% stacked column. 

From the previous example, we want to create a clustered column chart for the Mapua students of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering. We see that the Year data and the student’s data are not adjacent. To create the chart in this case, implement the following steps:

Select the cells A1:A7. Press and hold CTRL. Select the cells C1:C7 and then D1:D7, and let go of CTRL.



Click Clustered Column.


Result:




The style of the graph and the color of the charts can be changed from the following
ribbon (can be opened by “Chart Tool>Design” while the Chart is on the screen).




new style of graph result: